The main ways that humans are exposed to arsenic are through the food and water they consume. Prior too recently, drinking groundwater tainted with arsenic and human health were the main primary areas of study. However, an increase in the amount of arsenic in agricultural soils and agronomic products was anticipated because groundwater is predominantly used for irrigation in agriculture. Arsenic is also deposited in the bodies of birds and animals through feed since straw and husk are frequently utilised as animal feed. As a result, consuming animal products including beef, mutton, hog, chicken, eggs, milk, and fish exposes people to arsenic poisoning from arsenic ingestion. Additionally, fish and other aquatic species are naturally harmed because they live out their entire lives being exposed to contaminants as they feed, reproduce, and develop in contaminated aquatic habitats. As a result, in addition to other sources, fish and other aquatic foods may increase people's dietary intake of arsenic, raising the risk to their health.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of arsenicosis have been studied in the zebra fish (Danio rerio) and numerous other non-model fish species. Zebrafish play a vital role in our understanding of how arsenic poisoning works. Studies have shown that arsenic interferes with immunological function, which leads to immune suppression. Utilizing genomics techniques, the effects of arsenic poisoning in zebra fish and other aquacultured species have been studied. The creation of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for arsenicosis would be crucial in human medicine. Understanding the toxicology and pathophysiology of arsenicosis through the use of fish models has significantly aided in finding solutions to the environmental issue. In order to better understand the causes and mechanisms of a number of complex diseases as well as to produce prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, omics approaches have been applied. The study of toxicity examines how ecosystems, chemical pollutants, and biological organisms interact. It is predicated on the idea that chemical pollution may have adverse effects on specific organisms and populations of those organisms. Biomarkers, which are typically substances or procedures that are known to be impacted by pollution, were historically used to detect impacts. Through high-throughput analysis of effects on protein populations and subpopulations, proteomics may help identify new biomarkers.

Numerous toxicants, such as medications, natural substances, metals, industrial chemicals, nanoparticles, and nanofibers are being studied using toxic proteomics. It has also been utilised to address problems on a variety of levels, from the knowledge of the molecular responses of cells and tissues to toxicants to the identification of toxicants' primary molecular targets. The mechanisms of action of several substances, ranging from metals to peroxisome proliferators, have already been identified thanks to proteomics research. New associations between proteins and hazardous or pathogenic effects are constantly being found as we approach the postgenomic era, and enormous advancement is imminent. Proteomics technology has been used to pinpoint biological responses, detoxification pathways, protein-interacting network maps, and toxicity pathways in arsenic-exposed animals. The use of high-throughput molecular tools, which can simultaneously detect changes in hundreds or even thousands of molecules and molecular components after organisms are exposed to various environmental stressors, has undergone a significant shift in the environmental sciences over the past ten years. These omics techniques have attracted a lot of attention because they have the potential to identify biomarkers of exposure and outcomes in fish and aquatic invertebrates, as well as novel physiological and toxic action mechanisms.